AICAR ameliorates high-fat diet-associated pathophysiology in mouse and ex vivo models, independent of adiponectin

作者：Borgeson Emma; Wallenius Ville; Syed Gulam H; Darshi Manjula; Rodriguez Juan Lantero; Biorserud Christina; Ek Malin Ragnmark; Bjorklund Per; Quiding Jarbrink Marianne; Fandriks Lars; Godson Catherine; Sharma Kumar

来源：Diabetologia, 2017, 60(4): 729-739.

DOI：10.1007/s00125-017-4211-9

• Adiponectin
• AICAR
• Inflammation
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• Macrophages
• Obesity

Aims/hypothesis In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, for ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pathophysiology in mice. We also aimed to determine whether the beneficial effects of AICAR were dependent on adiponectin. Furthermore, human adipose tissue was used to examine the effect of AICAR ex vivo.
Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J wild-type and Adipoq(-/-) mice were fed a standard-fat diet (10% fat) or an HFD (60% fat) for 12 weeks and given vehicle or AICAR (500 mu g/g) three times/week from weeks 4-12. Diet-induced pathophysiology was examined in mice after 11 weeks by IPGTT and after 12 weeks by flow cytometry and western blotting. Human adipose tissue biopsies from obese (BMI 35-50 kg/m(2)) individuals were incubated with vehicle or AICAR (1 mmol/l) for 6 h at 37 degrees C, after which inflammation was characterised by ELISA (TNF-alpha) and flow cytometry.
Results AICAR attenuated adipose inflammation in mice fed an HFD, promoting an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch, while reducing infiltration of CD8(+) T cells. AICAR treatment of mice fed an HFD partially restored glucose tolerance and attenuated hepatic steatosis and kidney disease, as evidenced by reduced albuminuria (p< 0.05), urinary H2O2 (p< 0.05) and renal superoxide levels (p< 0.01) in both wild-type and Adipoq(-/-) mice. AICAR-mediated protection occurred independently of adiponectin, as similar protection was observed in wild-type and Adipoq-/-mice. In addition, AICAR promoted an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch and reduced TNF-alpha production in tissue explants from obese human patients.
Conclusions/interpretation AICAR may promote metabolic health and protect against obesity-induced systemic diseases in an adiponectin-independent manner. Furthermore, AICAR reduced inflammation in human adipose tissue explants, suggesting by proof-of-principle that the drug may reduce obesity-induced complications in humans.

• 出版日期2017-4
• 单位河北医科大学