Up-titration of allopurinol in patients with gout

作者：Jennings Claudine G^*; Mackenzie Isla S; Flynn Rob; Ford Ian; Nuki George; De Caterina Raffaele; Riches Philip L; Ralston Stuart H; MacDonald Thomas M

来源：Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2014, 44(1): 25-30.

DOI：10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.01.004

• Gout
• Allopurinol
• Prescribing
• Clinical guidelines

Objectives: European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) gout management guidelines recommend achieving a target urate level %26lt; 6.0 mg/dL (%26lt; 357 mu mol/L). Allopurinol is the most widely used urate-lowering therapy; however, many gout patients who are prescribed allopurinol do not have urate levels optimally controlled. The objective of this analysis was to review the efficacy and tolerability of allopurinol up-titration in achieving the EULAR target levels. %26lt;br%26gt;Method: The Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined Trial (FAST) is an ongoing multi-centre study comparing the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat and allopurinol (target recruitment: 5706 patients). Recruited patients were already taking allopurinol and the protocol required up-titration of daily allopurinol dose, in 100 mg increments, to achieve the EULAR urate target level prior to randomisation. We reviewed pre-randomisation data from the first 400 recruited and subsequently randomised FAST patients. %26lt;br%26gt;Results: Of 400 patients, 144 (36%) had urate levels %26gt;= 357 mu mol/L at screening and required allopurinol up-titration. Higher urate levels were significantly associated with lower allopurinol dose, male sex, increased BMI, increased alcohol intake and diuretic use. Mean fall in urate levels after a single 100-mg dose increase was 71 mu mol/L. The number of up-titrations required ranged from one to five (median = 1) with 65% of patients controlled after one 100-mg up-titration. Overall, 97% of up-titrated patients achieved target urate levels with median final allopurinol dose of 300 mg daily. Side effects and complications of up-titration were minimal. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusion: Overall, 36% of FAST patients were not at target urate levels and required up-titration. Allopurinol up-titration was effective in achieving urate target levels and was generally well tolerated by patients.

• 出版日期2014-8