Dietary fatty acid composition during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in the offspring

作者：Lumia Mirka^*; Luukkainen Paivi; Tapanainen Heli; Kaila Minna; Erkkola Maijaliisa; Uusitalo Liisa; Niinisto Sari; Kenward Michael G; Ilonen Jorma; Simell Olli; Knip Mikael; Veijola Riitta; Virtanen Suvi M

来源：Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2011, 22(8): 827-835.

DOI：10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01202.x

• asthma
• children
• fatty acids
• maternal diet
• pregnancy
• cohort study

Background: Fatty acids (FA) modulate the immune system, and it has been proposed that they affect the incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. We explored the association of maternal dietary FA composition during pregnancy with the risk of asthma in the offspring.
Methods: We analyzed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy (8th month) was assessed by a validated 181-item food frequency questionnaire. The occurrence of asthma was assessed at the age of 5 yr with a questionnaire modified from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses.
Results: Low maternal intakes of a-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) [lowest quarter vs. mid-half HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.122.48)] and total n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.112.48)] during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring, while a low intake of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) [HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.320.84)] and high intake of total saturated fatty acids [highest quarter vs. mid-half HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.340.90)] and palmitic acid (16:0) [HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.310.83)] were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. The ratios of n-6 to n-3-PUFA and 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-3, and the maternal intake of oils, fish and fish products, showed no association with the risk of asthma. The associations found were independent of several perinatal and clinical confounders.
Conclusion: Maternal intake of FA during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma. Maternal a-linolenic acid, total n-3 PUFA and palmitic acid intake may decrease, while arachidonic acid intake may increase the risk of asthma in the offspring.

• 出版日期2011-12