Multi-factor cheating prevention in visual secret sharing by hybrid codebooks

作者：Lin Chih Hung; Chen Tzung Her^*; Wu Yan Ting; Tsao Kai Hsiang; Lin Kai Siang

来源：Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2014, 25(7): 1543-1557.

DOI：10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.06.011

• Visual secret sharing
• Cheating attack
• Cheating prevention
• Hybrid codebook
• Multi-factor
• Visual cryptography
• Share image
• (k,n) Codebook

Visual secret sharing, or the so-called visual cryptography, is a well-known scheme that encrypts a secret image into several meaningless share images, usually printed on transparencies, and decrypts as stacking some or all share images by the human visual system. More and more researches about visual secret sharing and its applications have been recently proposed. Unfortunately, the cheating attack in which malicious participants cheat the honest one(s) by forging a fake share image has existed. Since 2006, some cheating prevention schemes have been proposed but suffered from one or more disadvantages as follows: (1) maintaining extra share images used to verify the integrity of a share image prior to stacking, (2) introducing extra pixel expansion, (3) raising heavy computation cost, and (4) giving ambiguous cheating detection. In this paper, a multi-factor cheating-preventing scheme, aiming at exploiting the hybrid codebook to hide the additional verification images into the share images, has been proposed without suffering the above-mentioned deficiencies. Two-factor cheating-detection exploits the design of verification to both share images and stacked results to deter attackers' cheating. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed scheme is feasible.

• 出版日期2014-10