科研之友
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摘要
Objective. - Free association is a founding concept of psychoanalytical therapies that refers to the way the patient will more or less freely pass from one representation to another. It helps to explore psychic reality and is also a therapeutic method useful in different clinical settings. Our goal, in this work, has been to study associativity with a double stance from psychoanalysis and cognitive neurosciences. Such an approach could help to improve the link between clinical and cognitive models. It also fosters our understanding of psychological processes during psychotherapy. Materials and methods. - We first propose a global overview of the historical origins of the concept of associativity in psychoanalysis. We analyze, in particular, how Freud started to develop the principles of free association with Emmy Von N. and how he progressively improved the definition and the use of this concept. We also study how associativity is closely related to the distinction between primary and secondary processes. We then expose and cross the psychoanalytical approach with research about associativity coming from cognitive neurosciences and neuropsychoanalysis. The impact of these research is finally analyzed from the point of view of clinical practice. Results. - Associativity appears as a fruitful concept situated at the intersection between psychoanalysis and neurosciences. A first bridge is proposed between the research of Daniel Kahneman (System 1/System 2) and the distinction developed by Freud between primary and secondary processes. The notion of free energy is then analyzed as a common concept to psychoanalysis and cognitive models, especially in the work of Karl Friston concerning the way the brain tends to reduce free energy. Recent research about affective consciousness and default mode network research is also considered as being useful in order to study associativity through the concept of free energy and entropy. Associativity appears, from this point ofview, as a way for the psyche to integrate high and low degree of entropy at different levels of organization of the brain. Conclusions. - Symbolization is linked to several and specific forms of associativity processes. We propose to call "primary associativity" a first form of associativity that deals with primary processes. By contrast, secondary associativity rather concerns the impact of these processes at higher level of the psychic apparatus. The transition of one form of associativity to the other has a strong impact on the psychotherapeutic efficacy. We propose more precisely to call this transition process "transmodal symbolization".
- 出版日期2015-10
