科研之友
微信
新浪微博
Facebook
分享链接
摘要
The new mineral afmite, Al-3(OH)(4)(H2O)(3)(PO4)(PO3OH)center dot H2O, is triclinic with space group P (1) over bar and cell parameters a = 7.386(3), b = 7.716(3), c = 11.345(4) angstrom, alpha = 99.773(5), beta = 91.141(6), gamma = 115.58(5)degrees, V = 571.6(3) angstrom(3) and Z = 2. It occurs, sometimes in association with matulaite and variscite, in fractures and solution cavities in shale/siltstone at Fumade, Tarn, France. The formation is probably largely the result of remobilisation and crystallisation during low-temperature hydrothermal activity and/or weathering and ground water activity. Afmite forms in cockscomb aggregates of diamond-shaped tablets on {001}, ubiquitously contact-twinned on {001} and also commonly twinned by rotation on [010] with {010} and {1 (1) over bar0} composition planes, forming star-like sixlings. The streak of the mineral is white, the luster is pearly, and the Mohs hardness is about 11/2. The mineral is flexible, but not elastic, has an irregular fracture and three cleavage directions: {001} perfect, {010} and {1 (1) over bar0} good. The measured density is 2.39(3) g/cm(3) and the calculated density is 2.391 g/cm(3) based upon the empirical formula. Optical properties (white light): biaxial (+), alpha = 1.554(1), beta = 1.558(1), gamma = 1.566(1), 2V(meas.) = 70(5)degrees and 2V(calc) = 71 degrees. Electron microprobe analyses provided Al2O3 40.20 and P2O5 38.84 wt% and CHN analyses provided (HO)-O-2 25.64 wt%, total 103.68 wt%. Normalized EMP analyses and water based on the structure yield Al2O3 36.41, P2O5 35.17 and H2O 28.42, total 100.00 wt%. Infrared and Raman spectra were consistent with the PO3OH, OH and H2O as indicated by the crystal-structure determination. The strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [d(obs)(angstrom),I-obs,(hkl)]: 11.089,100,(001), 3.540,81,(0 (1) over bar3, (1) over bar(1) over bar 2), 5.484,79,(002,101), 2.918,60((1) over bar 22), 3.089,33((1) over bar 13,201), 4.022,30,(102,(1) over bar 12), 6.826,23,(010). The crystal structure, solved from twinned data, (R-1 = 10.4% for 1262 F-o > 4 sigma F reflections) consists of chains of AlO6 octahedra parallel to [ 110] in which edge-sharing octahedral dimers share corners with individual octahedra. Both PO4 and PO3OH tetrahedra link the chains into sheets parallel to {001} and the PO4 tetrahedra further serve to link two sheets together into a thick slab in which tetrahedral (T) and octahedral (O) layers alternate, forming a T-O-T-O-T sandwich. The linkage between these sandwiches in the c direction is via hydrogen bonding with isolated H2O groups in the interlayer region. Afmite is closely related structurally to the turquoise-group minerals and specifically to planerite. The recently described mineral kobokoboite probably has a closely related sheet structure.
- 出版日期2011-3
