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摘要
The observation data from three filed observation stations in the east of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau （the plateau），namely Maqu，Maduo and Yakou，were selected to study the influence of snow cover processes in different seasons on surface energy and soil temperature（moisture）. The results show that，under the influence of high albedo of snow cover，the net shortwave radiation decreases after snowfall in the eastern plateau，and the net radiation decreases by about 60%~140%. Sensible heat，latent heat and soil heat flux decreased in the accumulation period，sensible heat flux and soil heat flux showed negative value. In the course of snow cover in spring and autumn，energy is distributed in the form of sensible heat，latent heat and soil heat flux. In the process of winter snow cover，sensible heat and soil heat flux are the main energy distribution，while latent heat flux is small，with a daily average about 10 W·m-2. However，the latent heat flux in the melting period of summer snow is larger about 80 W·m-2. The process of repeated accumulation and melting of snow cover in each season has a major cooling effect on the atmosphere and soil. After snowfall in autumn，the temperature of air and shallow soil temperature decrease. When the soil temperature drops below the freezing point，the soil enters the freezing period in advance and when snow falls in spring，it could cause the melting soil to freeze again. During the process of snow accumulation on sunny days in winter，snow accumulation plays a warming role on soil，and the daily average temperature of 0~20 cm soil temperature increases by 1~2 ℃，which leads to shallow frozen soil melting and soil moisture content increasing. In the melting stage，snow accumulation still plays a cooling role on soil. Snow cover on cloudy days in winter has a cooling effect on soil. Snow accumulation period in summer is short，and snowfall also has a significant cooling effect on soil.