Assessment of the safety of foods derived from genetically modified (GM) crops

作者：Konig A^*; Cockburn A; Crevel RWR; Debruyne E; Grafstroem R; Hammerling U; Kimber I; Knudsen I; Kuiper HA; Peijnenburg AACM; Penninks AH; Poulsen M; Schauzu M; Wal JM

来源：Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004, 42(7): 1047-1088.

DOI：10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.019

• food
• plant biotechnology
• genetic modification
• genetic engineering
• genetic manipulation
• transgenic crops
• novel foods
• recombinant proteins
• plant metabolism
• regulation
• safety assessment
• risk analysis
• molecular characterisation
• toxicology
• allergy
• substantial equivalence
• unintended effects
• bioinformatics
• in vitro test methods
• in vivo test methods
• animal testing
• post market monitoring
• estimated consumption
• exposure assessment
• compositional analysis
• advanced analytical methods

This paper provides guidance on how to assess the safety of foods derived from genetically modified crops (GM crops); it summarises conclusions and recommendations of Working Group I of the ENTRANSFOOD project. The paper provides an approach for adapting the test strategy to the characteristics of the modified crop and the introduced trait, and assessing potential unintended effects from the genetic modification. The proposed approach to safety assessment starts with the comparison of the new GM crop with a traditional counterpart that is generally accepted as safe based on a history of human food use (the concept of substantial equivalence). This case-focused approach ensures that foods derived from GM crops that have passed this extensive test-regime are as safe and nutritious as currently consumed plant-derived foods. The approach is suitable for current and future GM crops with more complex modifications. First, the paper reviews test methods developed for the risk assessment of chemicals, including food additives and pesticides, discussing which of these methods are suitable for the assessment of recombinant proteins and whole foods. Second, the paper presents a systematic approach to combine test methods for the safety assessment of foods derived from a specific GM crop. Third, the paper provides an overview on developments in this area that may prove of use in the safety assess-merit of GM crops, and recommendations for research priorities. It is concluded that the combination of existing test methods provides a sound test-regime to assess the safety of GM crops. Advances in our understanding of molecular biology, biochemistry, and nutrition may in future allow further improvement of test methods that will over time render the safety assessment of foods even more effective and informative.

• 出版日期2004-7
• 单位中国地震局