ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors

作者：Egert Sarah^*; Rimbach Gerald; Huebbe Patricia

来源：Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2012, 71(3): 410-424.

DOI：10.1017/S0029665112000249

• ApoE genotype
• CVD
• n-3 fatty acids
• Vitamin D
• Flavonoids

ApoE is a key protein in lipid metabolism with three major isoforms. ApoE allele frequencies show non-random global distribution especially in Europe with high apoE epsilon 3 frequency in the Mediterranean area, whereas the apoE epsilon 4 genotype is enriched in Northern Europe. The apoE e4 genotype is one of the most important genetic risk factors for age-dependent chronic diseases, including CVD and Alzheimer%26apos;s disease (AD). The apoE polymorphism has been shown to impact on blood lipids, biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which all may contribute to the isoform-dependent disease risk. Studies in mice and human subjects indicate that the apoE epsilon 3 but not the apoE epsilon 4 genotype may significantly benefit from dietary flavonoids (e. g. quercetin) and n-3 fatty acids. Metabolism of lipid soluble vitamins E and D is likewise differentially affected by the apoE genotype. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest a better vitamin D status in apoE epsilon 4 than epsilon 3 subjects indicating a certain advantage of epsilon 4 over epsilon 3. The present review aims at evaluation of current data available on interactions between apoE polymorphism and dietary responsiveness to flavonoids, fat soluble vitamins and n-3 fatty acids. Likewise, distinct geographic distribution and chronic disease risk of the different apoE isoforms are addressed.

• 出版日期2012-8