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摘要
Given an array X of N + 1 strictly ordered floating point numbers(2) and a floating point number z belonging to the interval [X-0, X-N), a common problem in numerical methods is to find the index i of the interval [X-i, Xi+1) containing z, i.e. the index of the largest number in the array X which is smaller or equal than z. This problem arises for instance in the context of spline interpolation or the computation of empirical probability distribution from empirical data. Often it needs to be solved for a large number of different values z and the same array X, which makes it worth investing resources upfront in preprocessing the array X with the goal of speeding up subsequent search operations. In some cases the values z to be processed are known simultaneously in blocks of size M, which offers the opportunity to solve the problem vectorially, exploiting the parallel capabilities of modern CPUs. The common solution is to sequentially invoke M times the well known binary search algorithm, which has complexity O(log2N) per individual search and, in its classic formulation, is not vectorizable, i.e. it is not SIMD friendly. This paper describes technical improvements to the binary search algorithm, which make it faster and vectorizable. Next it proposes a new vectorizable algorithm, based on an indexing technique, applicable to a wide family of X partitions, which solves the problem with complexity O(1) per individual search at the cost of introducing an initial overhead to compute the index and requiring extra memory for its storage. Test results using streaming SIMD extensions compare the performance of the algorithm versus various benchmarks and demonstrate its effectiveness. Depending on the test case, the algorithm can produce a throughput up to two orders of magnitude larger than the classic binary search. Applicability limitations and cache-friendliness related aspects are also discussed.
- 出版日期2018-3
