科研之友
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摘要
Both alpha beta and gamma delta T cells develop in the thymus from a common progenitor. Historically distinguished by their T-cell receptor (TCR), these lineages are now defined on the basis of distinct molecular programs. Intriguingly, in many transgenic and knockout systems these programs are mismatched with the TCR type, leading to the development of gamma delta lineage cells driven by alpha beta TCR and vice versa. These puzzling observations were recently explained by the demonstration that TCR signal strength, rather than TCR type per se, instructs lineage fate, with stronger TCR signal favoring gamma delta and weaker signal favoring alpha beta lineage fates. These studies also highlighted the ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase)-Egr (early growth response)-Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) axis as a potential molecular switch downstream of TCR that determines lineage choice. Indeed, removal of Id3 was sufficient to redirect TCR gamma delta transgenic cells to the alpha beta lineage, even in the presence of strong TCR signal. However, in TCR non-transgenic Id3 knockout mice the overall number of gamma delta lineage cells was increased due to an outgrowth of a V gamma 1V delta 6.3 subset, suggesting that not all gamma delta T cells depend on this molecular switch for lineage commitment. Thus, the gamma delta lineage may in fact be a collection of two or more lineages not sharing a common molecular program and thus equipollent to the alpha beta lineage. TCR signaling is not the only factor that is required for development of alpha beta and gamma delta lineage cells; other pathways, such as signaling from Notch and CXCR4 receptors, cooperate with the TCR in this process.
- 出版日期2010-11
