Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the presynaptic toxicity of secreted phospholipases A(2): An update

作者：Sribar Jernej; Oberckal Jernej; Krizaj Igor^*

来源：Toxicon, 2014, 89: 9-16.

DOI：10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.06.019

• Snake venom
• Phospholipase A(2)
• Presynaptic neurotoxicity
• Mechanism of action

beta-neurotoxins are enzymes, secreted phospholipases A(2), that inhibit neurotransmission in neuromuscular synapses by poisoning the motoneuron. They were reviewed extensively several years ago (Pungercar and Krizaj, 2007). Here we present and critically discuss the most important experimental facts reported since then. Evidence has been presented for specific internalization of beta-neurotoxins into the nerve endings of motoneurons, their in vivo binding to some cytosolic proteins, direct action on mitochondria, disruption of Ca2+ homoeostasis and inhibition of amphiphysin function. New insights have led to a more confident interpretation of the action of these toxins at the molecular level. The most important questions that remain to be answered are listed.

• 出版日期2014-10