A survey of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol and mestranol residues in Hawkesbury River, Australia, using a highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrates the levels of potential biological significance

作者：Uraipong Chatcha****; Allan Robin D; Li Chunhua; Kennedy Ivan R; Wong Victor; Lee Nanju Alice^*

来源：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 144: 585-592.

DOI：10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.077

• Hapten synthesis
• ELISA
• Endocrine disrupting hormones
• 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol
• Mestranol
• Water monitoring

This study reports on the potential status of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2) residues in aquatic environments in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, based on the analysis by a specific ELISA we developed. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the EE2 hapten with a linker attached at the C3-position to direct the antibody binding towards the ring D of EE2/MeEE2. Using this approach, an ELISA highly specific to EE2 and MeEE2 was successfully developed, showing less than 3.1% cross-reactivity (% CR) with other major steroidal sex hormones and their derivatives. The assay performed with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 +/- 0.01 mu g/L for both EE2 and MeEE2, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.05 +/- 0.01 ng/L when it was coupled with the SM2-Biobeads solid phase extraction. Prior to conducting the survey study, it was validated against the gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method, which showed high correlation with R-2 of 0.934. Fresh surface water samples collected at different sites along Hawkesbury River in New South Wales (NSW) were analyzed for the EE2/MeEE2 residues using the developed ELISA. The EE2/MeEE2 levels were found to range between 4.1 and 8.3 ng/L in Emigrant Creek, NSW, where the primary activity was macadamia plantation, and higher levels between 15 and 29 ng/L in South Creek, NSW, Greater Western Sydney at sites upstream and downstream of the municipal sewage treatment plants.

• 出版日期2017-10