科研之友
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摘要
Pests were monitored for three seasons in 120 farms across South and Southeast Asia to generate pest profiles under practice (TFP) and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) schemes, and to determine the nutrient pest relationship at the production level. Totals of N and K (K2O) fertilizers applied and frequencies of application differed between FFP and SSNM plots. FFP plots received more N (approximate to 11 and 9 kg/ha for seasons 1 and 2, respectively) but lesser K2O (approximate to 11 and 21 kg/ha for seasons 1 and 2, respectively) than SSNM plots. The frequencies of N and K applications were higher in SSNM than FFP plots. A total of 16 pest incidences (8 diseases, 7 insect pests and I rat damage) were documented Sheath blight and grain discoloration were dominant in the monitoring sites. Sheath blight was observed in all sites for the first two seasons. Grain discoloration was dominant in four sites (Omon, Munoz, Sukamandi and Thanjavur). Red stripe was observed in Onion and Sukamandi for both dry and wet seasons. Incidences of sheath blight and grain discoloration, infestations of stemborer, leaffolder and whorl maggot, and rat damage were more frequent in FFP than SSNM plots. Incidences of brown spot, red stripe, and whorl maggot infestation did not significantly differ between FFP and SSNM plots. Bacterial blight, narrow brown spot, stem rot and brown plant hopper damages (hopperburn) were positively correlated with N concentration in the plant. Sheath blight and grain discoloration were negatively correlated with plant N concentration, while sheath blight was positively correlated with K concentration. Correspondence analysis by STAT-ITCF of two-season data from Omon, Vietnam showed a close association of pest injury with nutrient levels, nutrient levels with yield and yield with season.
