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摘要
Introduction - Facial clefts are developmental disorders caused by a failure of the fusion of facial processes. They are assumed to have various phenotypes in relation to the disordered site and foetal organs such those originating by the branchial arch. The defects appear in an early foetal period in the lateral or median site of the rostral face as cleft lip, jaw, and palate. In humans, midline facial anomalies accompanied with defects in the intermaxillary segment are frequently combined with severe brain anomalies, such as holoprosencephaly and cyclopia. The association brain anomalies and various forms of median clefts are called median cleft face syndrome or frontal dysplasia. Facial clefts may occur in several animal species and have been only occasionally reported in cattle. %26lt;br%26gt;Aim - The paper describes the pathological and radiological findings of a case of facial cleft in a calf occasionally occurred at Authors%26apos; attention. %26lt;br%26gt;Materials and methods - A 7 days old female crossbred calf, spontaneously dead, underwent to necropsy because of the showed malformation. After a gross examination, the head was removed during the dissection and radiologically evaluated. Selected tissues and organs samples were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathological examination. %26lt;br%26gt;Results - The calf had macrostomia due to a large unilateral transverse cleft involving the right oral commissure and the right ear concha, displacement of the right auricular pinna with atretic auricular external meatus, thin and shortened upper and lower right lips. Radiological examination of the head revealed several structural abnormalities Examination of the central nervous system revealed only cerebellar hypoplasia. Further malformations consisted in asymmetry petrous temporal bones and tympanic bullae, lateral displacement of premolars and cleft of hard palate. Gross examination of internal organs revealed bilateral ovarian agenesia, reduced size of the uterus, absence of organized mammary tissue, while the remaining of body organs were grossly unremarkable. Histologic examinations revealed only relevant uterine anomalies, characterized by scanty endometrial glands and remnants of Wolffian ducts. Based on pathological and radiological findings, the malformation was classified as a particular case of cleft lip, jaw and palate associated with genital abnormalities. %26lt;br%26gt;Discussion and conclusions - The described malformation overlaps, for some aspects and according to the kind and laterality, the median and lateral clefts of lips, palate and mandible of calves. Furthermore, the co-existence with genital malformation leads to some comparative evaluation with similar human anomalies, such as the Barber-Say syndrome (BSS) and the Ablefaria-Macrostomia syndrome (AMS). Both the conditions involve the same cutaneous and adnexal structures, showing common and peculiar lesions, such as macrostomia, abnormal ears and nose, hypoplastic nipples, and redundant skin. The presence of similar abnormalities in the described case peculiarly overlaps, in our opinion, the above mentioned syndromes. The finding of such condition, as other developing anomalies, is not frequently reported in veterinary literature for bovines, resulting particularly interesting for its exceptionality.
- 出版日期2012-4
