Avoiding death by autophagy

作者：Birmingham Cheryl L; Higgins Darren E; Brumell John H^*

来源：Autophagy, 2008, 4(3): 368-371.

• autophagy
• innate immunity
• Listeria monocytogenes
• listeriolysin 0
• lysosome
• macrophage
• phagosome

Autophagy restricts the growth of a variety of intracellular pathogens. However, cytosol-adapted pathogens have evolved ways to evade restriction by this innate immune mechanism. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that utilizes a cholesterol-dependent pore-forming toxin, listeriolysin O (LLO), to escape from the phagosome. Autophagy targets L. monocytogenes in LLO-damaged phagosomes and also in the cytosol under some experimental conditions. However, this bacterium has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade restriction by autophagy, including actin-based motility in the cytosol and an as yet undefined mechanism mediated by bacterial phospholipases C (PLCs). A population of L. monocytogenes with inefficient LLO activity forms Spacious Listeria-containing Phagosomes (SLAPs), which are autophagosome-like compartments that do not mature, allowing slow bacterial growth within enlarged vesicles. SLAPs may represent a stalemate between bacterial LLO action and the host autophagy system, resulting in persistent infection.

• 出版日期2008-4-1
• 单位河北医科大学