Universal dynamics on the way to thermalization

作者：Nowak Boris^*; Schole Jan; Gasenzer Thomas

来源：New Journal of Physics, 2014, 16(9): 093052.

DOI：10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093052

• non-thermal fixed points
• far-from-equilibrium dynamics
• Bose-Einstein condensation
• quantum turbulence
• non-equilibrium critical phenomena

It is demonstrated how a many-body system far from thermal equilibrium can exhibit universal dynamics in passing a nonthermal fixed point. As an example, the process of Bose-Einstein (BE) condensation of a dilute cold gas is considered. If the particle flux into the low-energy modes, induced, for example by a cooling quench, is sufficiently strong, the Bose gas develops a characteristic power-law single-particle spectrum n(k) similar to k(-5), and critical slowing down in time occurs. The fixed point is shown to be marked by the creation and dilution of tangled vortex lines. Alternatively, for a weak cooling quench and particle flux, the condensation process runs quasi-adiabatically, passing by the fixed point in the far distance, and the signatures of critical scaling remain absent.

• 出版日期2014-9-30