Mechanism of the Palladium-Catalyzed Arene C-H Acetoxylation: A Comparison of Catalysts and Ligand Effects

作者：Cook Amanda K; Sanford Melanie S^*

来源：Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(8): 3109-3118.

DOI：10.1021/jacs.5b00238

This article describes detailed mechanistic studies focused on elucidating the impact of pyridine ligands on the Pd-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation of benzene. Three different catalysts, Pd(OAc)(2), Pd(OAc)(2)/pyridine (1:1), and Pd(OAc)(2)/pyridine (1:2), are compared using a combination of mechanistic tools, including rate and order studies, Hammett analysis, detailed characterization of catalyst resting states, and isotope effects. The data from these experiments implicate C-H activation as the rate-limiting step in all cases. The major difference between the three catalysts is proposed to be the resting state of Pd. Under the reaction conditions, Pd(OAc)(2) rests as an acetate bridged dimer, while the Pd(OAc)(2)/pyridine (1:2) catalyst rests as the monomer (pyridine)(2)Pd(OAc)(2). In contrast, a variety of experiments suggest that the highly active catalyst generated from the 1:1 combination of Pd(OAc)(2) and pyridine rests as the dimeric structure [(pyridine)Pd(OAc)(2)](2).

• 出版日期2015-3-4