Ultra-relativistic nonthermal power-law ensembles: Cosmic-ray electrons and positron fraction

作者：Tomaschitz Roman^*

来源：Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications , 2014, 394: 110-123.

DOI：10.1016/j.physa.2013.09.068

• Nonthermal power-law distributions
• Stability and extensivity of entropy
• Quantization of stationary non-equilibrium ensembles
• Hybrid quantum ensembles
• Ultra-relativistic electron-positron plasma
• Spectral fitting of a two-component plasma with power-law densities
• Cosmic-ray electron/positron flux

Thermodynamically stable ultra-relativistic power-law distributions are employed to model the recently measured cosmic-ray electron flux and the positron fraction. The probability density of power-law ensembles in phase space is derived, as well as an extensive entropy functional. The phase space measure is transformed into a spectral number density, parameterized with the Lorentz factor of the charges and quantized in Fermi statistics. Relativistic power-law ensembles admit positive heat capacities and compressibilities ensuring mechanical stability as well as positive root mean squares quantifying thermodynamic fluctuations. The wideband spectral fitting of dilute nonthermal electron-positron plasmas with ultra-relativistic power-law densities is explained.

• 出版日期2014-1-15