Associations between Traffic-Related Black Carbon Exposure and Attention in a Prospective Birth Cohort of Urban Children

作者：Chiu Yueh Hsiu Mathilda^*; Bellinger David C; Coull Brent A; Anderson Shawn; Barber Rachel; Wright Robert O; Wright Rosalind J

来源：Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013, 121(7): 859-864.

DOI：10.1289/ehp.1205940

• attention
• children
• Conners%26apos
• Continuous Performance Test
• hit reaction time
• traffic-related air pollution
• urban

BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution may have neurotoxic effects in children. Data examining associations between traffic-related air pollution and attention domains remain sparse. %26lt;br%26gt;OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between black carbon (BC), a marker of traffic particles, and attention measures ascertained at 7-14 years of age among 174 children in a birth cohort based in the Boston, Massachusetts, area. %26lt;br%26gt;METHODS: We estimated BC levels using a validated spatial-temporal land-use regression model based on residence during children%26apos;s lifetime. Children completed the Conner%26apos;s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) measuring omission errors, commission errors, and hit reaction time (HRT), with higher scores indicating increased errors or slower reaction time. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between BC and each attention outcome. %26lt;br%26gt;RESULTS: Children were primarily Hispanic (56%) and Caucasian (41%); 53% were boys. We found a positive association between higher BC levels with increased commission errors and slower HRT, adjusting for child IQ, age, sex, blood lead level, maternal education, pre- and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure, and community-level social stress. Notably, the association was weaker, though still positive, for the highest BC quartile relative to the middle two quartiles. Sex-stratified analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between BC and both commission errors and HRT in boys, but BC was not significantly associated with any of the CPT outcomes in girls. %26lt;br%26gt;CONCLUSIONS: In this population of urban children, we found associations between BC exposure and higher commission errors and slower reaction time. These associations were overall more apparent in boys than girls.

• 出版日期2013-7