Morphological dissection of behavior: thoracic musculature clarifies independent development of jumping mechanisms between sister groups, planthoppers and leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

作者：Ogawa Naoki^*; Yoshizawa Kazunori

来源：Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 2017, 17(3): 521-530.

DOI：10.1007/s13127-017-0336-4

• Functional morphology
• Behavior
• Character evolution
• Evolutionary novelty

Morphological and behavioral characters are frequently examined for comparative studies. Unlike morphology, a single behavioral trait is difficult to subdivide as multiple characters, even when achieved by many evolutionary changes. Therefore, when similar behavioral traits evolved independently among closely related taxa, their distinction is difficult. Almost all members of the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) possess a jumping ability that uses metathoracic muscles, and this behavioral trait has been regarded as a synapomorphy. In this study, the anatomical observations of metathoracic muscles revealed that highly elaborated jumping ability was gained independently within the suborder, although the evolution of jumping ability might have been initiated at their common ancestor. Our results provide an example of identifying a true evolutionary pathway by dissecting a behavioral character into mechanical elements.

• 出版日期2017-9