科研之友
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摘要
Nomenclature of the suspensory apparatus and suspensory ligament in the equine frontlimb - clarification of discrepancies between anatomy and clinic.: The different parts of the suspensory apparatus of the fetlock carry the some names in anatomy and clinic with the exception of some segments of the third interosseous muscle, which is however referred to as suspensory ligament in both disciplines. While in the available German literature there is not always a clear separation between the terms "Fesseltrageapparat" and "Fesseltrager", "suspensory apparatus" for "Fesseltrageapparat" is always distinguished from "(proximal) suspensory ligament" for "Fesseltrager" in the English literature. In anatomy the M. interosseus medius, which developed phylogenetically by union of two Mm. flexores digitales breves profundi in the horse, is divided into origin, course, insertion, following the traditional classification. Clinicians refer to the different parts according to functional aspects: origin of the suspensory ligament or proximal suspensory ligament, (mid)body of the suspensory ligament, medial and lateral branch of the suspensory ligament, insertion of the suspensory ligament on the proximal sesamoid bones and medial and lateral dorsal branches/(terminal) extensor branches to the common digital extensor tendon. The terms "dorsal branch" or "extensor branch" are identical in anatomy and clinic, should however be replaced by the terms "accessory tendons" because these structures are tendons from the anatomic point of view. In the international anatomical nomenclature (Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2012) the term "branch" is reserved for vessels and nerves. In the current English literature the region of the origin of M. interosseous medius is divided into a "medial lobe" and a "lateral lobe", indicating its development from two separate muscles. This does however not justify the term "lobe", as according to NAV (2012) this term only refers to parts of internal organs or the brain. During preparation a dichotomy of the origin of the M. interosseous medius can be seen, so that the two parts are referred to as Pars lateralis (laterally located, rounded) and Pars medialis (medially located, flat) here. Both parts of the origin partially consist of tendon tissue, variable amounts of skeletal muscle tissue dependent on the breed as well as adipose tissue and have a common sheat of tendinous tissue. Alterations in this region are sometimes erroneously referred to as "Insertionsdesmopathie" or "insertional-" or "insertion desmopathy" in the German and in the English literature respectively. These are however "Ursprungsdesmopathien" = "Origodesmopathien". In the available English literature, the respective term "origin desmopathy" is not found. The two small bones at the palmar aspect of the metacarophalangeal joint, for which the term "Gleichbeine" is used in the German clinical literature, are sesamoid bones, Ossa sesamoidea proximalia, and should therefore be referred to as "proximale Sesambeine" or "proximal sesamoid bones".
- 出版日期2014-4
