Mitochondrial regulation of beta-cell function: Maintaining the momentum for insulin release

作者：Kaufman Brett A; Li Changhong; Soleimanpour Scott A^*

来源：Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2015, 42: 91-104.

DOI：10.1016/j.mam.2015.01.004

• Islet
• Diabetes
• Mitochondria
• mtDNA
• Mitophagy
• Metabolism

All forms of diabetes share the common etiology of insufficient pancreatic beta-cell function to meet peripheral insulin demand. In pancreatic beta-cells, mitochondria serve to integrate the metabolism of exogenous nutrients into energy output, which ultimately leads to insulin release. As such, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies beta-cell failure and the development of diabetes. Mitochondrial regulation of beta-cell function occurs through many diverse pathways, including metabolic coupling, generation of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of mitochondrial mass, and through interaction with other cellular organelles. In this chapter, we will focus on the importance of enzymatic regulators of mitochondrial fuel metabolism and control of mitochondrial mass to pancreatic beta-cell function, describing how defects in these pathways ultimately lead to diabetes. Furthermore, we will examine the factors responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation and their roles in the balance of mitochondrial mass in beta-cells. Clarifying the causes of beta-cell mitochondrial dysfunction may inform new approaches to treat the underlying etiologies of diabetes.

• 出版日期2015-4