A Fully Digital 8 x 16 SiPM Array for PET Applications With Per-Pixel TDCs and Real-Time Energy Output

作者：Braga Leo H C^*; Gasparini Leonardo; Grant Lindsay; Henderson Robert K; Massari Nicola; Perenzoni Matteo; Stoppa David; Walker Richard

来源：IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2014, 49(1): 301-314.

DOI：10.1109/JSSC.2013.2284351

• Biomedical sensors
• CMOS
• digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)
• image sensors
• mini-SiPM
• positron emission tomography (PET)
• single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD)
• spatial and temporal compression

An 8 x 16 pixel array based on CMOS small-area silicon photomultipliers (mini-SiPMs) detectors for PET applications is reported. Each pixel is 570 x 610 mu m (2)in size and contains four digital mini-SiPMs, for a total of 720 SPADs, resulting in a full chip fill-factor of 35.7%. For each gamma detection, the pixel provides the total detected energy and a timestamp, obtained through two 7-b counters and two 12-b 64-ps TDCs. An adder tree overlaid on top of the pixel array sums the sensor total counts at up to 100 Msamples/s, which are then used for detecting the asynchronous gamma events on-chip, while also being output in real-time. Characterization of gamma detection performance with an 3 x 3 x 5 mm(3) LYSO scintillator at 20 degrees C is reported, showing a 511-keV gamma energy resolution of 10.9% and a coincidence timing resolution of 399 ps.

• 出版日期2014-1