Size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles on adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)

作者：Gray, Austin D.^*; Weinstein, John E.

来源：Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36(11): 3074-3080.

DOI：10.1002/etc.3881

• Ingestion
• Fiber
• Ventilation
• Depuration
• Residence time

The incidence of microplastics in marine environments has been increasing over the past several decades. The objective of the present study was to characterize the size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles (spheres, fibers, and fragments) on the adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to 11 sizes of plastic: spheres (30, 35, 59, 75, 83, 116, and 165m), fragments (34 and 93m), and fibers (34 and 93m) at a concentration of 2000particles/400mL (=50000 particles/L) for 3h. Following exposure, grass shrimp were monitored for survival, ingested and ventilated microplastics, and residence time. Mortality ranged from 0% to 55%. Spheres and fragments <50m were not acutely toxic. Mortality rates in experiments with spheres and fragments >50m ranged from 5% to 40%. Mortality was significantly higher in the exposure to 93-m fibers than other sizes tested (p<0.001). The shape of the particle had a significant influence on the number of particles ingested by the shrimp (p<0.001). The residence time of particles in the gut ranged from 27 to 75h, with an average of 43.0 +/- 13.8h. Within the gills, the residence time ranged from 27 to 45h, with an average of 36.9 +/- 5.4h. The results suggest that microplastic particles of various sizes and shapes can be ingested and ventilated by adult daggerblade grass shrimp, resulting in acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3074-3080.

• 出版日期2017-11