Neurocognitive predictors of substance use disorders and nicotine dependence in ADHD probands, their unaffected siblings, and controls: a 4-year prospective follow-up

作者：Groenman Annabeth P; Oosterlaan Jaap; Greven Corina U; Vuijk Pieter Jelle; Rommelse Nanda; Franke Barbara; Hartman Catharina A; Hoekstra Pieter J; Sergeant Joseph; Faraone Stephen V^*; Buitelaar Jan

来源：Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2015, 56(5): 521-529.

DOI：10.1111/jcpp.12315

• Attention-deficit
• Hyperactivity disorder
• substance use disorder
• nicotine dependence
• neurocognitive functions

BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUDs) and nicotine dependence (ND). Neurocognitive deficits may predict the increased risk of developing SUDs and nicotine dependence.
MethodsThis study comprised three groups derived from the Dutch part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study: ADHD probands (n=294), unaffected siblings (n=161), and controls (n=214). At baseline (age=12.2), a range of neurocognitive functions was assessed including executive functions (inhibition, working memory, timing), measures of motor functioning (motor timing and tracking) and IQ. After a mean follow-up of 4.2years, SUDs and ND were assessed.
ResultsNone of the neurocognitive functions predicted later SUDs or ND in ADHD probands, even after controlling for medication use and conduct disorder. Slower response inhibition predicted later nicotine dependence in unaffected siblings (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.22-3.48), and lower IQ predicted increased risk for SUDs in controls (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.12-3.44).
ConclusionsCold executive functions, motor functioning, and IQ did not predict the elevated risk of SUDs and ND in ADHD. Future studies should target hot' executive functions such as reward processing as risk factors for SUDs or ND.

• 出版日期2015-5