A Theory of Physically Distributed Learning: How External Environments and Internal States Interact in Mathematics Learning

作者：Martin Taylor^*

来源：Child Development Perspectives, 2009, 3(3): 140-144.

DOI：10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00094.x

• mathematics learning
• manipulatives
• learning theory

Researchers, teachers, teacher educators, and national organizations espouse the idea that children learn new concepts in concrete contexts and transfer these concepts to abstract situations. Although people can benefit from working with hands-on objects and do tend to solve problems more abstractly as they gain knowledge and experience in a domain, this does not imply that a concrete to abstract shift explains this development. In this article, an alternative theory of physically distributed learning (PDL) is presented. In PDL, learning involves changes in internal and external elements of cognitive systems. These changes occur as the internal and external elements coevolve, or change each other, over time.

• 出版日期2009-12