科研之友
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摘要
We present a model of the photodissociation regions of NGC 4038, which is part of the Antennae galaxies. We have considered one-dimensional slabs of uniform density, all having a maximum A(V) = 10 mag, interacting with plane-parallel radiation. The density range in our simulations spans four orders of magnitude (100 a parts per thousand currency sign n a parts per thousand currency sign 10(6) cm(-3)) and the UV field strength spans more than three orders of magnitude (10 a parts per thousand currency sign chi a parts per thousand currency sign 10(4.5) multiples of the Draine field), from which we generated a grid of about 1400 simulations. We compare our results with Herschel SPIRE-FTS, CSO and ISO-LWS observations of eight CO transition lines (J = 1-0 to 8-7) and the [C i] 609 mu m and [O i] 146 mu m fine-structure lines. We find that the molecular and atomic emission lines trace different gas components of NGC 4038; thus, single emission models are insufficient to reproduce the observed values. In general, low-J CO transition lines correspond to either low-density regions interacting with low UV field strengths, or high-density regions interacting with high UV field strengths. Higher J CO transition lines are less dependent on the UV field strength and are fitted by gas with density n similar to 10(4.5)-10(5.2) cm(- 3). We find that the observed fine-structure line ratio of [C i] 609 mu m/[O i] 146 mu m is reproduced by clouds subject to weaker UV fields compared to the CO lines. We make estimates of the X-CO factor which relates the CO emission with the column density of molecular hydrogen, and find that it is less than the canonical Milky Way value.
- 出版日期2014-9-1
