摘要

In small animal patients diagnostic procedures for diseases of the urinary system include radiography of the abdomen. Knowledge about the physiological appearance, pathological conditions of the organs of the urinary system and possible differential diagnoses is important for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases involving this system. Therefore additional diagnostic procedures may be necessary. Further tests include excretory urography, retrograde cystography or retrograde urethrography.

  • 出版日期2014-10

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