Amniotic Fluid Soluble Myeloid Differentiation-2 (sMD-2) as Regulator of Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Infection-induced Preterm Birth

作者：Dulay Antonette T; Buhimschi Catalin S; Zhao Guomao; Oliver Emily A; Abdel Razeq Sonya S; Shook Lydia L; Bahtiyar Mert O; Buhimschi Irina A^*

来源：American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2015, 73(6): 507-521.

DOI：10.1111/aji.12362

• Bacteria
• early-onset neonatal sepsis
• fetal membranes
• fetus
• infection
• inflammation
• pregnancy

ProblemTLR4 mediates host responses to pathogens through a mechanism that involves protein myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) and its soluble form sMD-2. The role of sMD2 in intra-amniotic inflammation-induced preterm birth has not been previously explored.
Method of studyHuman amniotic fluid (AF) sMD-2 was studied by Western blotting in 152 AF samples of patients who had an amniocentesis to rule-out infection (yes infection, n=50; no infection, n=50) or women with normal pregnancy outcome (second trimester genetic karyotyping, n=26; third trimester lung maturity testing, n=26). Histological localization and mRNA expression of MD2 in fetal membranes were studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The ability of fetal membrane to release sMD-2 and inflammatory cytokines was studied in vitro.
ResultsHuman AF contains three sMD-2 proteoforms whose levels of expression were lower at term. Intra-amniotic infection upregulated sMD-2. MD-2 mRNA and immunohistochemistry findings concurred. In vitro, LPS and monensin increased, while cycloheximide decreased sMD-2 production. Recombinant sMD-2 modulated TNF- and IL-6 levels in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.
ConclusionsMD2 proteoforms are constitutively present in human AF. The intensity of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response to bacteria or perhaps to other TLR4 ligands may be facilitated through synthesis and release of sMD2 by the amniochorion.

• 出版日期2015-6