Building and solving odd-one-out classification problems: A systematic approach

作者：Ruiz Philippe E^*

来源：Intelligence, 2011, 39(5): 342-350.

DOI：10.1016/j.intell.2011.06.002

• Fluid intelligence
• Inductive reasoning
• Categorical classification
• Odd-one-out clustering
• Hamming distance
• R-ASCM

Classification problems ("find the odd-one-out") are frequently used as tests of inductive reasoning to evaluate human or animal intelligence. This paper introduces a systematic method for building the set of all possible classification problems, followed by a simple algorithm for solving the problems of the R-ASCM, a psychometric test derived from this method. The average Hamming distance finds repetitions of features between and within the problems' sets; it manages to solve 97% of such problems. This performance is equaled only by superior human adults. Finally, these results demonstrate that a simple two-step algorithm can improve categorical case-based reasoning and k-NN algorithms while clarifying the cognitive basis of classification.

• 出版日期2011-10