Dietary intake in people consuming a low-carbohydrate diet in the UK Biobank

作者：Shafique M.; Russell S.; Murdoch S.; Bell J. D.; Guess N.^*

来源：Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 31(2): 228-238.

DOI：10.1111/jhn.12527

• Fibre
• fish
• fruit
• meat
• vegetables

BackgroundLow-carbohydrate diets are becoming increasingly popular, although their dietary quality outside of clinical studies is unknown. A previous study analysed the dietary intake in people consuming a reduced-carbohydrate diet (<40% calories). However, it is not clear what foods people consume when carbohydrate is reduced to below 26% of total calories.
MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, the dietary and nutrient intake collected via up to five consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and a food frequency questionnaire of 444 individuals (aged 46-79years) consuming <26% of calories from carbohydrate (LCHO) was compared with that of 131897 individuals consuming 45% calories from carbohydrate (NCHO) using the UK Biobank Dataset. Absolute cut-offs to define the low-carbohydrate group (<130gday(-1); n=1953 versus 225gday(-1), n=113036) were also used.
ResultsBoth NCHO (>45% calories and 225g) groups consumed significantly more high-sugar, high-fat snacks [median 6.0, interquartile range (IQR)=2.0-11.0 and median 6.0, IQR=3.0-11.8, respectively) compared to the LCHO (<26% calories and <130g) groups (median 0, IQR=0-2.8 and median 1, IQR=0-3.8, respectively) (P<0.0001). Both LCHO groups reported consuming significantly more red meat, oily fish, nuts and seeds but fewer fruits, vegetables and pulses compared to the NCHO groups. In general, the consumption of oily fish, nuts, seeds and pulses was low across the whole cohort and differences in intake between the LCHO and NCHO groups were small. After adjusting for socio-economic status, most differences remained.
ConclusionsCarbohydrate restriction is associated with both beneficial and potentially deleterious dietary changes compared to a normal carbohydrate intake.

• 出版日期2018-4