Young adult waterpipe smokers: Smoking behaviors and associated subjective and physiological effects

作者：Shishani Kawkab^*; Howell Donelle; McPherson Sterling; Roll John

来源：Addictive Behaviors, 2014, 39(6): 1113-1119.

DOI：10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.010

• Waterpipe
• Young
• Nicotine
• Self-regulation
• Headrush

Introduction: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate smoking behaviors and subjective and physiological effects of nicotine on young adult occasional waterpipe smokers. %26lt;br%26gt;Methods: This study utilized a repeated-measures design that included one repeated factor for condition (nicotine and non-nicotine). For each participant, the sequencing of the repeated factor was assigned using random allocation. The two nicotine conditions were nicotine (0.75 g) and non-nicotine (0 g placebo) tobacco. Over the course of two weeks, twenty-two participants completed subjective (Acute Subjective Effects of Nicotine) and physiological (blood pressure, heart rate, and CO level) measures. Additional measures (QSU and MNWS-R) were used to assess for withdrawal symptoms. %26lt;br%26gt;Sample: The participants (n = 22) were young adults (23 +/- 3.1 years); 71% smoked waterpipe once a month in the past year and 29% smoked waterpipe 1-2 times per week. In addition, 60% reported sharing their waterpipe with friends while smoking. None of the participants reported using any other forms of tobacco products. %26lt;br%26gt;Results: Under the nicotine condition, participants tended to smoke longer (i.e. smoking duration, p = 0.004), take more puffs (p = 0.03), take shorter puffs (p = 0.03), and inhale less volume with each puff (p = 0.02). The repeated measures analysis of the factor head rush revealed an effect of the nicotine condition (F = 9.69, p %26lt; 0.001, partial eta(2) (=) 0.31) and time (F = 8.17, p = 0.02, partial eta(2) = 0.30). Heart rate increased significantly across the nicotine condition (F = 7.92,p = 0.01, partial eta(2) = 0.31) and over time (F = 12.64,p = 0.01, partial eta(2) = 0.41). %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusions: This study demonstrates how differences between nicotine and non-nicotine waterpipe smoking are associated with changes in smoking behaviors, experiencing a headrush and an increase in heart rate.

• 出版日期2014-6