Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Roles in Calcium Dysregulation and Synaptic Plasticity

作者：Vincent Adele J^*; Gasperini Robert; Foa Lisa; Small David H

来源：Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2010, 22(3): 699-714.

DOI：10.3233/JAD-2010-101089

• Glia
• gliotransmitters
• homeostatic plasticity
• network dysfunction
• neural networks
• neurodegeneration
• seizures
• TNF alpha

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A beta), which induces progressive decline in learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. A beta is a neurotoxic protein that disrupts calcium signaling in neurons and alters synaptic plasticity. These effects lead to loss of synapses, neural network dysfunction, and inactivation of neuronal signaling. However, the precise mechanism by which A beta causes neurodegeneration is still not clear, despite decades of intensive research. The role of astrocytes in early cognitive decline is a major component of disease pathology that has been poorly understood. Recent research suggests that astrocytes are not simply passive support cells for neurons, but are active participants in neural information processing in the brain. A beta can disrupt astrocytic calcium signaling and gliotransmitter release, processes that are vital for astrocyte-neuron communication. Therefore, astrocyte dysfunction may contribute to the earliest neuronal deficits in AD. Here we discuss emerging concepts in glial biology and the implications of astrocyte dysfunction on neurodegeneration in AD.

• 出版日期2010