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摘要
The objective of the study was to determine the multi-year variability of the phenological phases and periods of oat (Avena saliva L.) in relation to the air temperature in Poland. The material for the study consisted of the results of experiments from 28 COBORU (Cultivar Testing) stations, from the period of 1971-2010, concerning the growth, development and yields collected for model oat. The mean monthly air temperatures in the March-August period were collected from 43 meteorological stations of IMGW, distributed uniformly over the territory of the whole country with the exception of the submontane regions. Analysis of regression was used for the estimation of variability and trend of the indices under consideration. Acceleration was demonstrated for 3 out of the 5 phases: start of heading (SH), wax maturity (WM) and harvest (H), by an average of from about 3 to 13 days/10 years, as well as extension, by an average of about 10 days/10 years, of the LSH-WM (start of heading-wax maturity) period, and shortening, by an average of 2 and 13 days/10 years, respectively, of periods LSG-H (sowing-harvest) and LE-SH (emergence-start of heading). The year-to-year variation of phases SH and, to a lesser extent, emergence (E) and WM, depended in about 25-53% on the thermal conditions of the air, varying primarily in March, April and June. The duration of the LSG-H phase of oat depended significantly on monthly air temperatures of April to July (Ta4-7), the effect of Ta-4 being positive, while that of Ta5-7 - negative. An increase of the mean air temperature was observed throughout the period of oat vegetation (March-August), by an average of 0.44 degrees C/10 years. The yields of oat were positively correlated with the duration of period LSG-H and negatively with the changes of Ta5-7.
- 出版日期2015
