科研之友
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摘要
Fish ration should have high protein content. Source of feed protein usually comes from animal such as fish meal and waste of fishery industries. The price of animal protein like fish meal is quite expensive and that ingredient of feed has competitive problem with human food Plant protein like legume leaves or other forage can be used for covering protein requirement of herbivore fish, but they contain high secondary compounds. These compounds may be removed by methanol extraction of the plant material, e.g. for moringa. The present study was carried out to evaluate energy balance of diet containing extracted moringa leaves and mulberry leaf meal each as 30 % protein replacement for fish meal in diets for Nile Tilapia. Three diets were designated as control diet prepared with fishmeal (C), diet 1 contain methanol extracted moringa (D-I) and diet 2 contained mulberry leaves (D-2). Fifteen Nile Tilapia were randomly kept in a 5 L capacity individual respiration chamber in which the oxygen consumption of each fish could be measured continuously (Focken et al., 1994). Prior to the experiment fish were fasted for two days in order to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR), routine metabolic rate (RAM) and spontaneous activity (SSA). After those measurements, fish were divided into three groups and fed with the test diets C. D-1 and D-2 at around 10-g feed per MBW (kg(0.8)) using automatic feeders. Fish were weighed individually every week and the oxygen consumption continuously measured for gain information on the energy expenditure (EE). At the end of the eight week, fish were sacrificed and analyzed for energy retention (ER). Feed analyses were conducted to evaluate gross energy intake (GEI), while energy metabolism (ME) was calculated from EE plus ER. The data were subjected to ANOVA and statistical comparisons between the feeding groups were made using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results showed that the average values of SMR, RMR and SSA were 49, 67 and 105 mg.kg(-0.8).h(-1), respectively. Energy intake for the control group was lower than for the other groups, while final body weight in group D-1 was the highest. The ratio EE and ME from GEI (%) were similar for groups, while ER (g) for group D-2 is the highest. It was concluded that methanol extracted moringa leaves and mulberry leaves are quite palatable and could replace 30 % of protein fish meal in diets for Nile Tilapia.
- 出版日期2009
