Comparing Decadal Census Trends and Yearly Variation in Abundance and Distribution of Breeding Double-crested Cormorants: Importance of Monitoring a Managed Species

作者：Seefelt Nancy E^*

来源：Waterbirds, 2012, 35: 40-49.

• Beaver Archipelago
• colony disturbance
• cormorant
• decadal census
• Lake Michigan
• Phalacrocorax auritus
• population controls
• population monitoring

Binational colonial waterbird censuses were formally initiated in the Great Lakes in 1976, and have been repeated every eight to ten years. Although population estimates from these efforts are good trend indicators for some species, including Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), information is generally not available to examine population changes between census periods, especially at a local scale. The study examined short-term, annual population changes and distribution patterns of cormorants in the Beaver Archipelago of northern Lake Michigan between 2000 and 2007, and compared these data to decadal trends. Although no control efforts were underway between 2000 and 2006, an egg-oiling and culling program was initiated in 2007, after the completion of the decadal census. The peak number of breeders was documented in 1997, with lower population sizes between 2000 and 2006; however, in 2007, the population again approached peak numbers, suggesting that immigration from other regions occurred. Overall, yearly surveys determined that individual colonies showed great plasticity in breeding population size, with some colonies forming and others disappearing; some changes were due to environmental factors, while others indicate interactions with other species, human disturbance, and perhaps management activities in other areas of the Great Lakes. Yearly population estimates indicate that the long-term trends are probably captured with decadal colonial waterbird surveys, but the dynamic nature of cormorant populations is not. In addition, presence of yearly variation in the breeding population size of an "unmanaged" population emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring species that are managed aggressively. Received 17 September 2007, accepted 27 November 2009.

• 出版日期2012