Auscultatory, echocardiographic, biochemical, nutritional, and environmental characteristics of mitral valve disease in Norfolk terriers

作者：Trafny Dennis J; Freeman Lisa M; Bulmer Barret J; MacGregor John M; Rush John E; Meurs Kathryn M; Oyama Mark A^*

来源：Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 2012, 14(1): 261-267.

DOI：10.1016/j.jvc.2011.10.002

• Heart murmur
• Serotonin
• NT-proBNP
• Nutrition

Objectives: In order to more fully understand degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in the Norfolk terrier, we sought to characterize findings from the physical and echocardiographic examination; biochemical, biomarker, and nutritional profiles; and select environmental variables from a cohort of apparently healthy Norfolk terriers. %26lt;br%26gt;Animals, materials and methods: Overtly healthy Norfolk terriers %26gt;= 6 yrs old were recruited by 3 different veterinary hospitals and underwent historical, physical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and 2D/color-flow Doppler echocardiographic examinations. Anterior mitral valve leaflet length, maximal thickness, area, and degree of prolapse were measured or calculated from two-dimensional images. Blood samples were obtained for serum biochemistry, serum serotonin, plasma NT-proBNP, amino acid profile, C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin I. %26lt;br%26gt;Results: Of the 48 dogs entered into the study, 23 (48%) had murmurs, 2 (4%) had mid-systolic clicks, 11 (23%) had ECG P pulmonale, and 41 (85%) were deemed to have echocardiographic evidence of DMVD, including 18 Norfolk terriers without a murmur. Seven (15%), 28 (58%), and 13 (27%) dogs were classified as normal (stage 0), International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) stage 1a, and 1b, respectively. Mean indexed echocardiographic mitral leaflet thickness (P = 0.017), area (P = 0.0002), prolapse (P = 0.0004), and left atrial to aortic diameter (P = 0.01) were significantly different between ISACHC 0, 1a, and 1b. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusion: DMVD is relatively common in Norfolk terriers and echocardiographic changes consistent with mild DMVD can be seen in dogs without a heart murmur.

• 出版日期2012-3