An Evaluation of the Longitudinal, Bidirectional Associations Between Gait Speed and Cognition in Older Women and Men

作者：Best John R^*; Liu Ambrose Teresa; Boudreau Robert M; Ayonayon Hilsa N; Satterfield Suzanne; Simonsick Eleanor M; Studenski Stephanie; Yaffe Kristine; Newman Anne B; Rosano Caterina

来源：Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2016, 71(12): 1616-1623.

DOI：10.1093/gerona/glw066

• Cognition
• Gait
• Physical activity
• Physical function

Background: Few cohort studies have examined longitudinal associations between age-related changes in cognition and physical performance. Further, whether these associations differ for men versus women or can be attributed to differences in physical activity (PA) is unknown.
Methods: Participants were 2,876 initially well-functioning community-dwelling older adults (aged 70-79 years at baseline; 52% female; 39% black) studied over a 9-year period. Usual gait speed, self-reported PA, and two cognitive measures-Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Mini-Modified Mental State examination (3MS)-were assessed years 0 (ie, baseline), 4, and 9.
Results: Early decline between years 0 and 4 in gait speed predicted later decline between years 4 and 9 in performance on the 3MS (beta = 0.10, p=.004) and on the DSST (beta = 0.16, p<.001). In contrast, the associations between early decline in cognition and later decline in gait speed were weaker and were non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons (beta = 0.08, p=.019 for 3MS and beta=.06, p=.051 for DSST). All associations were similar for women and men and were unaltered when accounting for PA levels.
Conclusions: The results indicate declining gait speed as a precursor to declining cognitive functioning, and suggest a weaker reciprocal process among older women and men.

• 出版日期2016-12