Limited Role for Biliary Stent as Surrogate Fiducial Marker in Pancreatic Cancer: Stent and Intratumoral Fiducials Compared

作者：van der Horst Astrid^*; Lens Eelco; Wognum Silvia; de Jong Rianne; van Hooft Jeanin E; van Tienhoven Geertjan; Bel Arjan

来源：International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 2014, 89(3): 641-648.

DOI：10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.03.029

Purpose: Because of low soft-tissue contrast of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), fiducial markers are often used for radiation therapy patient setup verification. For pancreatic cancer patients, biliary stents have been suggested as surrogate fiducials. Using intratumoral fiducials as standard for tumor position, this study aims to quantify the suitability of biliary stents for measuring interfractional and respiratory-induced position variations of pancreatic tumors.
Methods and Materials: Eleven pancreatic cancer patients with intratumoral fiducials and a biliary stent were included in this study. Daily CBCT scans (243 in total) were registered with a reference CT scan, based on bony anatomy, on fiducial markers, and on the biliary stent, respectively. We analyzed the differences in tumor position (ie, markers center-of-mass position) among these 3 registrations. In addition, we measured for 9 patients the magnitude of respiratory-induced motion (MM) of the markers and of the stent on 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) and determined the difference between these 2 magnitudes (Delta MM).
Results: The stent indicated tumor position better than bony anatomy in 67% of fractions; the absolute difference between the markers and stent registration was > 5 mm in 46% of fractions and > 10 mm in 20% of fractions. Large PTV margins (superior-inferior direction, > 19 mm) would be needed to account for this interfractional position variability. On 4DCT, we found in superior-inferior direction a mean DMM of 0.5 mm (range, -2.6 to 4.2 mm).
Conclusions: For respiratory-induced motion, the mean Delta MM is small, but for individual patients the absolute difference can be > 4 mm. For interfractional position variations, a stent is, on average, a better surrogate fiducial than bony anatomy, but large PTV margins would still be required. Therefore, intratumoral fiducials are recommended for online setup verification for all pancreatic patients scheduled for radiation therapy, including patients with a biliary stent.

• 出版日期2014-7-1