Dynamical Approach to Multi-Equilibria Problems Considering the Debye-Huckel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions: Concentration Quotients as a Function of Ionic Strength

作者：Zars Ethan; Schell Joseph; Delarosa Marco A; Chicone Carmen; Glaser Rainer^*

来源：Journal of Solution Chemistry, 2017, 46(3): 643-662.

DOI：10.1007/s10953-017-0593-z

• Equilibrium
• Ordinary differential equations
• Dynamical approach
• Acids/bases
• Ionic strength
• Activity coefficient

We recently described a dynamical approach to the equilibrium problem that involves the formulation of the kinetic rate equations for each species. The equilibrium concentrations are determined by evolving the initial concentrations via this dynamical system to their steady state values. This dynamical approach is particularly attractive because it can be extended easily to very large multi-equilibria systems and the effects of ionic strength also are easily included. Here we describe mathematical methods for the determination of steady state concentrations of all species with the consideration of their activities using several approximations of Debye-Huckel theory of electrolyte solutions. We describe the equations for a system that consists of a triprotic acid H(3)A and its conjugate bases. With these equations, two types of multi-equilibria systems were studied and compared to experimental data. The first system is exemplified by case studies of solutions of acetate-buffered acetic acid and the second system is exemplified by the hydroxide titration of citric acid. The discussion focuses on the effect of ionic strength on pH and on the amplification of acidity by ionic strength. Ionic strength effects are shown to cause significant deviations from the widely used Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

• 出版日期2017-3