Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic beta cells

作者：Supale Sachin; Li Ning; Brun Thierry; Maechler Pierre^*

来源：Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012, 23(9): 477-487.

DOI：10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.002

• pancreatic islet
• beta cell
• insulin secretion
• mitochondria
• lipotoxicity
• ROS

In pancreatic beta cells, mitochondria play a central role in coupling glucose metabolism to insulin exocytosis, thereby ensuring strict control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Defects in mitochondrial function impair this metabolic coupling, and ultimately promote apoptosis and beta cell death. Various factors have been identified that may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we address the emerging concept of complex links between these factors. We also discuss the role of the mitochondrial genome and mutations associated with diabetes, the effect of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, the sensitivity of mitochondria to lipotoxicity, and the adaptive dynamics of mitochondrial morphology. Better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction will help drive the development of effective therapeutic approaches.

• 出版日期2012-9