科研之友
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摘要
We analyze fracture-density variations in subsurface fault-damage zones in two distinct geologic environments, adjacent to faults in the granitic SSC reservoir and adjacent to faults in arkosic sand-stones near the San Andreas fault in central California. These damage zones are similar in terms of width, peak fracture or fault (FF) density, and the rate of FF density decay with distance from the main fault. Seismic images from the SSC reservoir exhibit a large basement master fault associated with 27 seismically resolvable second-order faults. A maximum of 5 to 6 FF/m (1.5 to 1.8 FF/ft) are observed in the 50 to 80 m (164 to 262 ft) wide damage zones associated with second-order faults that are identified in image logs from four wells. Damage zones associated with second-order faults immediately southwest of the San Andreas Fault are also interpreted using image logs from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole. These damage zones are also 50-80 m wide (164 to 262 ft) with peak FP density of 2.5 to 6 FB/m (0.8 to 1.8 Ple/ft). The FF density in damage zones observed in both the study areas is found to decay with distance according to a power law F = F(0)r(-n). The fault constant F-0 is the FF density at unit distance from the fault, which is about 10-30 FF/m (3.1-9.1 FF/ft) in the SSC reservoir and 6-17 FF/m (1.8-5.2 FF/ft) in the arkose. The decay rate n ranges from 0.68 to 1.06 in the SSC reservoir, and from 0.4 to 0.75 in the arkosic section. This quantification of damage-zone attributes can facilitate the incorporation of the geometry and properties of damage zones in reservoir flow simulation models.
- 出版日期2014-10
