Least lead addition to mitigate tin whisker for ambient storage

作者：Jo Jung Lae^*; Kim Keun Soo; Sugahara Tohru; Nagao Shijo; Hamasaki Kyoko; Tsujimoto Masanobu; Suganuma Katsuaki

来源：Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , 2013, 24(8): 3108-3115.

DOI：10.1007/s10854-013-1218-y

Long term surface evolution of matte tin electroplating has been investigated under room temperature to understand the tin whisker mitigation by a trace amount of lead addition. No whisker growth has been observed on all the Sn-xPb samples (1 a parts per thousand currency sign x a parts per thousand currency sign 10 wt%), while at least 3 wt% of Pb addition is required to alter the columnar grain structure of pure Sn plating to equiaxed grains. The mitigation mechanism by such a trace amount of Pb is not caused by the grain texture control, but is due to the less inter-metallic composite (IMC) growth; the segregated Pb at the columnar grain boundaries disrupts the IMC growth, and releases Sn grain boundary migrations to relax the internal stress. This mechanism of stress relaxation and whisker growth suppression suggests that lead-free Sn plating without whisker growth can be realized by co-plating Sn with a Pb-like metal element that precipitates at the grain boundary to interfere with the IMC growth.

• 出版日期2013-8