Protection by Mikania laevigata (guaco) extract against the toxicity of Philodryas olfersii snake venom

作者：Collaco Rita de Cassia O^*; Cogo Jose Carlos; Rodrigues Simioni Lea; Rocha Thalita; Oshima Franco Yoko; Randazzo Moura Priscila

来源：Toxicon, 2012, 60(4): 614-622.

DOI：10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.05.014

• Antiophidic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Guaco
• Neuromuscular junction
• Plant extract

Philodryas olfersii is responsible for most colubrid snakebites in Brazil. In this work, we examined the ability of an ethanolic extract from Mikania laevigata (guaco) leaves to protect against the in vitro neuromuscular activity of P. olfersii venom in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) and chick biventer cervicis (BC) preparations. M. laevigata extract caused moderate twitch-tension facilitation at low concentrations (107.4 +/- 6.2% with 20 mu l/ml and 118.9 +/- 9.3% with 40 mu l/ml in PND, and 120.7 +/- 7.7% with 40 mu l/ml and 114.5 +/- 4.4% with 50 mu l/ml in BC after 120 min; n = 4-6, mean +/- SEM). In PND, the ethanol alone (40 mu l/ml, n = 4) did not change the twitch-tension when compared with control. However, in BC, the ethanol produced a higher facilitation when compared to control. At higher concentrations (>50 mu l/ml) the extract caused total and reversible blockade in both preparations. Venom (50 mu g/ml) caused partial blockade in PND (58.5 +/- 12%, n = 4) and almost total blockade in BC (93.5 +/- 2.2%, n = 4). Pretreatment of the preparations with extract (40 mu l/ml) for 30 min before incubation with venom (50 mu g/ml) completely protected PND from neuromuscular blockade and delayed the blockade in BC. The extract alone caused only mild morphological alterations (12.5 +/- 0.5% and 10.9 +/- 2.3% fiber damage in PND and BC, respectively, compared to 2.3 +/- 0.3% and 3 +/- 0 in controls; n = 3), with no increase in expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha and IFN gamma. The ethanol alone also caused slight muscle damage: 4.3 +/- 2.4% in PND and 6.7 +/- 3.3% in BC (both n = 3) and little or no TNF alpha, and IFN gamma expression in both preparations as observed in control. Venom (50 mu g/ml) caused 53.5 +/- 8.5% and 55.8 +/- 4.3% fiber damage in PND and BC, respectively; (n = 3, p < 0.05 vs. controls) and enhanced expression of TNF alpha and IFN gamma. Pretreatment of the preparations with extract protected against venom-induced muscle damage by 80.3 and 60.4 in PND and BC, respectively, and prevented TNF alpha and IFN gamma expression. These results indicate that the M. laevigata extract protected nerve-muscle preparations against the myotoxic, neurotoxic and inflammatory effects of P. olfersii venom.

• 出版日期2012-9-15