Itaipu royalties: The role of the hydroelectric sector in water resource management

作者：Lorenzon Alexandre Simoes; Alvares Soares Ribeiro Carlos Antonio; dos Santos Alexandre Rosa^*; Marcatti Gustavo Eduardo; Domingues Getulio Fonseca; Soares Vicente Paulo; Martins de Castro Nero Lemos; Teixeira Thaisa Ribeiro; Martins da Costa de Menezes Sady Junior; Silva Elias; Barros Kelly de Oliveira; Dino Alves dos Santos Gleissy Mary Amaral; da Silva Samuel Ferreira; Santos Mota Pedro Henrique

来源：Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 187: 482-489.

DOI：10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.046

• Catchment management
• Hydroelectricity
• Payment for environmental services
• Water resources

For countries dependent on hydroelectricity, water scarcity poses a real risk. Hydroelectric plants are among the most vulnerable enterprises to climate change. Investing in the conservation of the hydro graphic basin is a solution found by the hydropower sector. Given the importance of the Itaipu plant to the energy matrix of Brazil and Paraguay, the aim of this study is to review the current distribution of royalties from Itaipu, using the hydrographic basin as a of criterion of analysis. Approximately 98.73% of the Itaipu basin is in Brazil. The flow contributes 99% of the total electricity generated there, while the drop height of the water contributes only 1%. Under the current policy, royalties are shared equally between Brazil and Paraguay. In the proposed approach, each country would receive a percentage for their participation in the drop height and water flow in the output of the turbines, which are intrinsic factors for electricity generation. Thus, Brazil would receive 98.35% of the royalties and Paraguay, 1.65%. The inclusion of the hydrographic basin as a criterion for the distribution of royalties will promote more efficient water resource management, since the payment will be distributed throughout the basin of the plant. The methodology can be applied to hydroelectric projects worldwide.

• 出版日期2017-2-1