First study on anthropogenic Pt, Pd, and Rh levels in soils from major avenues of So Paulo City, Brazil

作者：Ribeiro A P; Figueiredo A M G^*; Sarkis J E S; Hortellani M A; Markert B

来源：Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012, 184(12): 7373-7382.

DOI：10.1007/s10661-011-2506-8

• Platinum group elements
• Catalytic exhausts
• Urban soil
• Sao Paulo

Over the last years, investigations on the increase of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) levels in urban environments of big cities all over the world - especially to catalytic converters emissions - have been grown up enormously. So Paulo City is the 6th largest megacity in the world having about 20 million inhabitants and an ever increasing seven million motor vehicle fleet. In spite of this, there has never been an investigation regarding Pt, Pd, and Rh levels in the city. In the present study, Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations were determined in soils adjacent to seven main high-density traffic avenues in the metropolitan region of So Paulo City. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed - after ultrasound-assisted aqua regia leaching - as analytical technigue. The results showed concentration levels up to 378 ng g(-1) for Pd, 208 ng g(-1) for Pt, and 0.2 to 45 ng g(-1) for Rh. These levels are much higher than those considered for the geochemical background of soils, indicating a catalytic converter source. Due to the different Pt/Pd/Rh ratio in Brazilian automobile catalytic converters, lower levels of Pt/Pd ratios compared with other similar studies were observed. The obtained results are the first data for monitoring Pt, Pd, and Rh pollution in So Paulo City soils.

• 出版日期2012-12