Size distribution of trace organic species emitted from biomass combustion and meat charbroiling

作者：Kleeman Michael J^*; Robert Michael A; Riddle Sarah G; Fine Philip M; Hays Michael D; Schauer James J; Hannigan Michael P

来源：Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42(13): 3059-3075.

DOI：10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.044

• molecular marker
• size distribution
• ultrafine particle source apportionment

Size-resolved particulate matter emissions from pine, California oak, east coast oak, eucalyptus, rice straw, cigarette smoke, and meat cooking were analyzed for trace organic species using solvent-extraction followed by GC-MS analysis. Six particle size fractions were studied between 0.056, 0.1, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, and 1.8 mu m particle diameter. The smallest particle size fraction analyzed was in the ultrafine (Dp<0.1 mu m) range that has been implicated as a potential health concern. Fourteen PAHs were detected in the ultrafine size fraction of wood smoke with the most abundant species (benzo[ghi]fluoranthene) emitted at a rate of 0.2-0.4 (mg kg(-1) wood burned). Nine PAHs were detected in the ultrafine size fraction of rice straw smoke with the most abundant compound (benzo[a]pyrene) emitted at 0.01 (mg kg(-1) rice straw burned). The most abundant PAH measured in the ultrafine size fraction of cigarette smoke was benzo[ghi]fluoranthene (0.07 mg cigarette(-1)) followed closely by chrysene/triphenylene (0.06 mg cigarette 1).
Besides PAHs, the most abundant compounds identified in the wood included levoglucosan (<MDL: 150mg g(-1) burned), acetovanillone (0.06-0.23 mg kg(-1) burned), coniferylaldehyde (2.7-13.21 mg kg(-1) burned), iso-eugenol (0.07-0.53 mg kg(-1) burned), and vanillin (0.12-0.46 mg kg(-1) burned). The size distribution of each of these compounds was highly correlated (R(2)>0.9) with the size distribution of particle-phase organic carbon (OC) and/or elemental carbon (EC). The only organic compounds besides PAHs detected in the ultrafine size fraction of rice straw and cigarette smoke were benz[de]anthracen-7-one (0.19 mg kg(-1) rice straw burned) and 4-methylphenylacetone (2.64 mg cigarette(-1)), respectively. Caffeine was measured in cigarette smoke size fractions >0.1 mu m with a total PM(1.8) emissions rate of 1 (mg cigarette(-1)). The most abundant organic species measured in meat cooking smoke was cholesterol with a size distribution that was highly correlated with both OC and EC. The concentration of each compound normalized by the concentration of total OC was relatively uniform for all particle sizes. Cholesterol and levoglucosan should prove to be useful tracers for meat cooking and wood smoke emissions in the ultrafine size range.

• 出版日期2008-4