科研之友
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摘要
The endogenous mu-opioid receptor agonist, endomorphin (EM)-1, cannot be delivered into the central nervous system (CNS) in sufficient quantity to elicit analgesia when given systemically because it is severely restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To improve the physicochemical characteristics of EM-1 and subsequently achieve greater BBB permeation, we synthesized a series of EM-1 analogs by combining successful chemical modifications, including N-terminal cationization, C-terminal chloro-halogenation, and unnatural amino acid (D-Ala, Sar, and D-Pro-Gly) substitutions in position 2. Presently, their binding and bioassay activity, lipophilicity, stability, and antinociceptive activity were determined and compared. Guanidino-addition and chloro-halogenation attenuated the mu-receptor affinity to some extent, but they demonstrated differences in the influence on stability. It appeared that guanidino-addition contributed to brain stability enhancement for the greater part, whereas chloro-halogenation together with amino acid substitutions in position 2 was of more importance for the stability enhancement in serum than in brain. Determination of the octanol/buffer coefficient revealed that chloro-halogenation did compromise the decreased lipophilicity caused by guanidino-addition, and introduction of D-Ala as well as D-Pro-Gly, but not Sar, in place of L-Pro(2), also increased the overall lipophilicity to some extent. Among the peptides tested, intracerebroventricular injection of guanidino-[ D-Ala(2), p-Cl-Phe(4)] EM-1 showed the strongest analgesia, being 3 times more potent than the parent peptide. We also found that in comparison with EM-1, the four D-Ala-containing tetrapeptides and the chloro-halogenated D-Pro-Gly-containing pentapeptide elicited significant and prolonged central-mediated analgesia upon subcutaneous administration, indicating that more peptides reached the CNS, eliciting greater analgesic effect.
- 出版日期2006-10
- 单位兰州大学
