Drivers of antibiotic prescribing in children and adolescents with febrile lower respiratory tract infections

作者：Gotta Verena; Baumann Philipp^*; Ritz Nicole; Fuchs Aline; Baer Gurli; Bonhoeffer Jessica M; Heininger Ulrich; Szinnai Gabor; Bonhoeffer Jan

来源：PLos One, 2017, 12(9): e0185197.

DOI：10.1371/journal.pone.0185197

Background
Knowledge of key drivers for antibiotic prescribing in pediatric lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) could support rational antibiotic use. Thus, we aimed to determine the impact of clinical and laboratory factors on antibiotic prescribing in children and adolescents with febrile LRTI.
Methods
Pediatric patients from the standard care control group of a randomized controlled trial (ProPAED) investigating procalcitonin guided antibiotic treatment in febrile LRTI were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of laboratory and clinical factors on antibiotic prescribing.
Results
The standard care control group of the ProPAED study comprised 165 LRTI patients (median age: 2.7 years, range: 0.1-16), out of which 88 (55%) received antibiotic treatment. Factors significantly associated with antibiotic prescribing in patients with complete clinical and laboratory documentation (n = 158) were C-reactive protein (OR 5.8 for a 10-fold increase, 95% CI 2.2-14.9), white blood count beyond age-dependent reference range (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-11.4), body temperature (OR 1.7 for an increase by 1 degrees C, 95% CI 1.02-2.68), and pleuritic pain (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.6). Dyspnea (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7) and wheezing (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13-0.95) were inversely associated with antibiotic prescribing.
Conclusion
Laboratory markers were strong drivers of antibiotic prescribing in children with febrile lower respiratory tract infections, in spite of their known poor prediction of antibiotic need. Building on current guidelines for antibiotic treatment in children with febrile LRTI, a reliable decision algorithm for safe antibiotic withholding considering the laboratory and clinical factors evaluated in this study has the potential to further reduce antibiotic prescribing.

• 出版日期2017-9-28